Atlas
The Titan condemned to hold up the sky โ the image of someone bearing an enormous burden alone.
Origin
After the Titans lost their war against the Olympians, Zeus sentenced Atlas to hold up the heavens for eternity. Renaissance mapmakers put his image on the frontispiece of their books, which is why a book of maps is now called an atlas. Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged borrowed him for its own argument about who carries the world.
Modern usage
'Carrying the weight of the world on your shoulders' is essentially a paraphrase. Used for caretakers, founders, eldest siblings, and anyone privately overloaded.
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Greek Mythology
Sisyphus
The king condemned to roll a boulder uphill forever, only for it to roll back each time.
Greek Mythology
Prometheus
The titan who stole fire from the gods to give it to humanity, and was punished for it.
Greek Mythology
Titan
A figure of enormous stature or influence.